Software for up to the minute arb trading for a guaranteed profit. The “fair” win probability for the above example is that Ohio State should win the game 62. 2. You bet 2928 and win. We’ve done the hard work and found the best horse racing betting sites for you. URL: West Virginia. Win more using the ultimate sports betting tool, we compare the odds from every legal sportsbook on every event. 02, your lay stake would stand at $118, 25. Select a fixture from the list below or scroll down the page to browse the data. 20 ) - 1000 = $155. In this case, the profit would be $5 ($15 – $10). The no-vig calculator essentially backs out the “fair” odds by backing out the 3. Two books are offering different prices on a game at the same time, so you bet both to guarantee a profit or at least break-even. Saturday Racing Tips – November 4, 2023. Determine whether an arbitrage opportunity exists and what the profit margin is. Below are form guides, head-to-head results and betting value guides for the Grand Final of the 2023 NRL season. If you are not already following the @HotTipBets main account on twitter, instagram, and facebook follow so you do not miss any future content. BetBurger – Premium in-play sure bet finder. Over the 5 years I have used Racing Synergy software as my main betting software, I have achieved an average ROI of just over 12. The calculator will multiply this number by the account balance you specify to yield a recommended stake. How to find arbitrage bets. In cells A1 to C1, enter the following headers: Outcome, Odds, and Implied Probability. The calculator supports up to 24 selections in order to support horse racing. In the example below, the Chicago Bulls are facing the Cleveland Cavs in a NBA game: Cleveland are at odds of 1. com, and you'll be entered for a chance to win a free 3-month RotoWire subscription. This situation is a bit trickier. For a great number of horse racing fans, the use of fractions is the traditional way of viewing the odds for the runners and riders, but the use of decimals is something which has grown significantly across recent years, too. Bonus-chasing. In this situation, the home team has an implied probability of 40% to win, the away team has an implied probability of 33. They pioneered the ‘reduced margin pricing model’, which we referred to earlier, and they were essentially the genesis of the sharp (arbitrage friendly) bookmaker. Note that this tracker is only suitable for OpenOffice v4. 82 for guaranteed winnings of $1,000. Method 2: Find Arbitrage Bets With Free Software. If you enter the Odds for any two-way or three-way market in the Arbitrage Calculator above, it will work. 32 on Manchester United or $312. I. Even if your arb doesn’t vanish, you then have to rush through using a calculator on arbitrage betting sites to figure out your stakes,. All we need to do then is hit the ‘Open Calculator‘ button to get a breakdown of each. The formula to calculate the expected value of odds is as follows: (True probability of the outcome * Profits of the bet if win) – (True probability of the other outcome * Initial stake on the bet) Sharp odds same outcome: 1. 16 % of your bankroll. Horse Racing Arbitrage Calculator. 5). We are dedicated to bringing you the best betting picks, odds, and overall sports analysis that you will find anywhere. In order for the parlay to win, each game must win or push (tie). All you need to do is multiply that number by each figure to get the size of each bet you should place. 05% = 13. Be sure to input the odds as provided by the bookmaker. Select a bet type in the right column. Because of this, you can place a wager on the other side of the bet in order to. And so, as we can see here, this sports betting arbitrage example, you're guaranteed a $155 profit, regardless of the match outcome. Arbitrage is a form of hedging, but the true definition requires bettors to place their arbitrage bets at the same time. We will look at an example with a match between Orlando Magic vs Philadelphia 76ers with the stake being. Can also be applied to any sports event that offers an each way market (golf, football outrights, other outrights etc). Here’s how:. Horse racing betting online is popular worldwide. How to prepare the required data. Simple is the most basic form of dutching, the stake placed on each market is changed to ensure equal returns, for example, £5 on horse A at odds of 4/1 and £10 on Horse B at odds of 2/1. Do not include any currency symbols. The Betfair Advantage Tool enables you to calculate potential returns, identify trading and arbitrage opportunities and monitor the latest results - it will become your premier horse racing tool. 79 on the Cardinals in order to guarantee a profit of $20. Don’t withdraw all funds immediately after a bet settles. Soccer head-to-head markets have three selections (to include the draw), while winning margin markets typically have five selections (e. This sports arbitrage betting calculator is one of the most comprehensive, detailed arb calculators available. The calculator enables you to see if an arbitrage opportunity exists for a particular event, and if so, what the available arbitrage strategies are. It supports all price types (fractional, decimal and US) and, unlike most arbitrage. To be clear, arbitrage is a sports betting strategy that. This online tool calculates various strategies when a hedging opportunity exists using a betting exchange such as Betfair, where you can back and lay selections. Making correct calculations is critical when you’re applying this strategy. An OpenOffice Calc spreadsheet is also available. The calculator can be used for exchange lay bets in conjunction with standard bookmaker (back) wagers. Similar to decimal odds, the return can be determined by multiplying the odds and the bet. Australian owned. 5. Australian owned. The fresh gaming possibility commission calculator allows you to enter in your own stake and possibility inside Western, Decimal, or Fractional forms to rapidly estimate gambling payouts. 00, you. A-League; AFL; FFA Cup; Horse Racing; NBL; NRL; State of Origin; Super Rugby;. The main goal of these services is to offer a profit guarantee for their customers. Arbitrage betting, also known as arbing, is a betting exchange trading strategy that ensures profits by exploiting the difference in price between and within markets. Arbitrage and the formulas and maths of arbing explained. The calculator tells you how much to stake and how much profit you will make. To work this out, you can use the following formula: Individual bet = (Total stake x Individual arbitrage %) / Total arbitrage %. This tipster has made over 6800 euros profit all time by giving 75 picks on average every week. Decimal odds provide a purer translation of odds with greater range - Pinnacle quote to three decimal places and have grown in popularity as betting has. Abstract and Figures. You will find this very exciting. Both of them exclude the risks of losing your initial stakes. START YOUR FREE TRIAL NOW. 7 days, and settle a £10 minimum bet at odds of 4/5 (1. Pretty easy, huh?! arbitrage-betting-formula-excel Download. This may enable you to engineer. Basic Daily Double: 1 & 1. -. In order to correctly use the Arbitrage calculator, you could follow these steps: First you’ll need to choose between making a 3-way or 2-way bet. 5 = 3000. Double bet calculator - Work out returns for doubles using this comprehensive calculator. 7 day FREE trial. For some, doing the math to figure out the dollar amounts can be difficult. Users of OpenOffice should use the OpenOffice Calc version of the spreadsheet. ArbMate for UK arbitrage betting. Use the tool to work out the stakes and prices required to guarantee a profit when trading on. And the whole thing apparently without any risk. 2 * 200) / (1. An arbitrage bet is a bet that guarantees a profit, regardless of the outcome of the event. 8) or greater, to be credited with 3x £10 Free Bets: 1 x £10 Horse Racing, 1 x £10 Free Bet Builder and 1 x £10 Football. This tool is useful for working out how much you should lay a horse for when you have previously backed it and vice versa. The formula to calculate expected value for betting is fairly simple: (Amount won per bet * probability of winning) – (Amount lost per bet * probability of losing) Let’s use a coin toss as an example of calculating expected value. . Bet Calculator; Blacklisted Bookmakers; Poisson Distribution. pari-mutuel hub, has about 90 customers who invest in the team's wagering strategies. This represents an attractive bet. The results are: bet 1 unit on the Bulls (where the line is +125) and bet 1. 8€ at Bwin – initial stake at Bwin (100€) – first leg hedge at Pinnacle (108. It has a clean and friendly interface with a lightning fast refreshing arb/odds refresh rate. fair. American odds of +200 would become 3. 00. Dutch bets can be split into 3 main types. 85/month with discount*) For arbitrage betting, you'll need the Positive EV plan. Enter the total wager amount into the free parlay calculator with the money line for each game to calculate the potential return on your parlay bet. To make sure that you can properly calculate the sums of money involved, you should be looking to make things as easy as possible. 40. It supports odds in decimal format and up to 8 selections. High limits. Despite the fact that we turf horse racing… Ot only the very best workout for your resume so that we could take over to building and acting like yourself as it was even when your favorite team. A bettor has the opportunity to secure a guaranteed profit by employing the “Back high, Lay. You have made a back wager and the lay odds have since fallen below your back odds. Not all casino horse racing is the same. Learn how to use both simple and advanced back and lay strategies to profit from arbitrage opportunities in this in depth article. 58 -> without bookie edge: 1. As an example, Platinum racing members get an average of 40 racing tips per week. You are misinterpreting the betting odds. The Kelly criterion calculates the portion of your funds to place on a wager. The Best Odds Guarantee promotion means that if a horses starting price drifts after you backed it you will get paid at the higher starting price. 91, it adjusts to a bet of approximately 14. A bet calculator works by taking the type of bet, odds and stake to provide an accurate return from a bet. To use the calculator you will first need to tally the number of wins, the number of total bets and the expected win count. When you are new to betting the lay bet concept may be slightly difficult to. As a bettor you can be at times attracted to multiple selections in a market and quite simply, want to get around them all! This is common in horse racing as well as futures markets such as who will win the Superbowl or be the. Therefore, the first rule of the mathematical system for race horse betting is to eliminate short priced horses as betting choices. The free arbitrage calculator is extremely user friendly and can be used to calculate the ideal stakes for your arbs to ensure that you return the same profit regardless of the. You have made a lay wager and the back odds have since risen above your lay odds. A 3-Way Fair Odds No-Vig Calculator helps bettors learn the true probability of an outcome in a three-way betting market after removing the sportsbook vigorish (vig), or commission. Arbitrage Betting. S. 263) play Wigan (13. This calculator enables you to calculate payoff and profit scenarios for Asian Handicap bets. Being able to calculate how much a bet returns for any given stake is one of the basics of betting and our Bet Calculator simplifies this process for bettors. Thus, as long as we assume that you have decided to stake as much as $100, and the exchange commission is 0. To calculate the potential payout from a football bet, multiply the stake by the odds. This is a tidy net profit of $36. 0 and above due to sumifs () and countifs () functions. The OddsMatrix American football odds enable you to. BREAKING BET REVIEW. These agents offer high maximum stake limits, high odds on important betting markets, and welcome arbitrage bettors as valuable customers. Select a bet amount in the left column. 50) - and you’ll receive a £20 Free Bet. This is only possible on matches where 2 or more bookmakers have quite different opinions on the. The strategy of hedging can be used to provide a guaranteed profit. If you are looking to place a horse racing accumulator, use a betting calculator available at almost all bookmakers to calculate the odds and potential. Check your potential winnings on accumulators, Lucky 15s and all your favourite bets with Paddy Power online bet calculator. You can use our odds calculator above to calculate the implied odds of a given bet as long as you know the odds of the bet. These services scan the bookmakers compare their odds in every few minutes for pre-match events and every 2-3 sec for in-play sports events. The 3-Way No. The concept operates on the straightforward notion that you simply multiply a stake by the decimal shown and the outcome. 50. fair. You have made a back wager and the lay odds have since fallen below your back odds. The numbers behind learning how to calculate arbitrage betting, though, are very important to understand. Finding the correct odds and using free bets during the process of matched betting is how you maximise your profit and reduce your risk. You may have to use best horse racing betting sites they for you to totally feel its likely. 15. This technique can be used for a variety of reasons, including minimising risk when odds change, or to place qualifying bets with sportsbook in order to receive promotions in the future. Online Calculators. 50 on the hedge bet. They allow you to bet 100 on either horse. Use the hedging bet calculator to work out your net gain when trading, hedging or playing arbitrage bets on the exchanges. 91 lay bet on the horse not to win at. You multiply your stake (bet amount) by that figure in order to calculate your potential return. 00 for a $5. The calculator has 3 modes which you can use to do this. These terms will mean very little to you at the moment, but let’s quickly compare them to give you a feel for how they differ: Risk Level. Play around with the hedged Dutch betting calculator below to see how the concept works. Your total stake is split equally between these. It supports all price types (fractional, decimal and US) and, unlike most arbitrage. It is mainly associated with horse racing, but it is also useful for other sports, such as football and cricket. 1. Arbitrage Calculator; 2 Way Surebet Calculator; 3 Way Surebet Calculator; 4 Way Surebet Calculator; Sports. But arbitrage betting opportunities are not always easy to identify. Sam @ Sportssmartbetting. By using 2-3 different bookmakers you have found these odds instead: 3 – 2. Check the ‘Primary’ and ‘Secondary. Some advantages of using a spreadsheet include: Organization: A spreadsheet allows you to keep all of your matched betting information in one place, making it easy to track your progress and see your overall profit. What are arbitrage bets?New Customer Offer - Open to new accounts only. 7€ winningsPositive EV • $169 value. 5%. 51 * 1. In this context, a punter looking for arbitrage betting opportunities may take advantage of the differences and place $55. Sharp bettors will be aware of what a margin is and how to work it out but for those that don’t, our Margin Calculator will do the work for you. A conditional incentive given by bookmakers to entice new or existing account holders to betting activity. However, our arbing calculator allows for an unlimited number of outcomes meaning that you can use it to determine the ideal stakes for any sport such as football, tennis, golf or horse racing. 0 for a horse and the exchange Lay odds are at 9. Then, multiply those decimal odds together for the overall odds for that parlay. Enter the odds and the calculator will automatically calculate whether there is a value betting opportunity, the profit margin, the necessary stakes to maximise your profits (based on the Kelly Criterion), and will auto-round your stakes to avoid suspicion. Since the each way market works similarly to system bets, this means you have two bets of £10 each. Under Odds Type, pick your odds style. Racing and Gaming Services, a group based on the island of St. 94. Select how many legs there are for your chosen arb. Today, I’ll share with you the 3 best ways to find arbitrage betting opportunities, including step-by-step guides for each of them. You can be the world’s worst handicapper and still win through arbing. Caesars Sportsbook Virginia Promo Code. Soccer head-to-head markets have three selections (to include the draw), while winning margin markets typically have five selections (e. Lay stake = ( back odds – 1) / ( lay odds – lay commission) * free bet value. 5 and the stake is $10, the potential payout is $15 ($10 x 1. Odds And Arbitrage Download. So, it gives an overall implied probability of 106. 0 and above due to sumifs() and countifs(). Arbitrage Betting. 8 –3. BetBurger – Premium in-play sure bet finder. For example, if bookmaker has 10. 5, 3. 00% Ratings (e. The calculation depends upon the two things and both the things are equally important to win the game. Arbitrage betting (arbing) offers you a shortcut toward making money. Some came from. Tools UK Horse Racing's Data Analyst Tool. 54. A bet calculator works by taking the type of bet, odds and stake to provide an accurate return from a bet. Why not test the. Our calculator will then tell you exactly how much to get on each bet so that you return the same profit if any of them win! Click for sound. Understanding what exactly is A Return on your investment Calculator: horse racing betting siteBonusbankThese formulas give an even profit no matter the outcome of your bets. 5 (5/2) equals 250. Including an amazing FREE BET calculator with enhanced profits if the horse actually wins. Free OddsMatcher. It can handle singles, doubles, trebles, accumulators and system bets. 0 on the exchanges. Value Betting. The arbitrage calculator is a useful tool for anyone who wants to try arbitrage betting and make risk-free profits. Australian owned. Ready-to-print. An arbitrage calculator is now available in the Tools section. With most bookmakers if you place a $5 each-way bet you are actually wagering $10: $5 on the selection to win and $5 for the selection to place. Our calculator uses the decimal odds format to calculate the right stake on each selection. com. com The arbitrage calculator is a useful tool for anyone who wants to try arbitrage betting and make risk-free profits. This guide tells you everything you need to know about dutching. Strategies for horse racing and football trading . To use the calculator, input the decimal odds for your selections along with your desired total stake. It’s used by punters and bookmakers alike, to calculate the stake, return and profit for an extensive range of bets. DK Horse – 100% deposit match bonus of up to $250. According to the arbitrage calculator, when you stake $100 on the Cowboys, you need to stake $66. The spreadsheet tracks your betting history and provides performance data with numerous filters as well as a summary graph. A Google Sheets betting tracker is also available. If that horse wins, you get $190. This gives both outcomes a win probability of 52. First, you have to divide your betting bankroll into units. 94. Simply enter the price for each of your fancied selections (in decimal format) and your maximum total stake below. This way, no matter which team wins, the punter would have bet $95. 49 bet on Player 2 with Bookmaker A. Start Trading. 00 (one horse in each of the two races) $2 Daily Double Part Wheel: 1,2,4 with 1,5,7. If your selection places, that half of your each way bet is paid out at a fraction of the. This is a standard back and lay bet so we simply need to input the stake, odds and commission into the calculator to determine the ideal lay stakes and to reveal how much profit we can lock in from this bet. 95% = 86. Method 1: Manually. This site promises to help you turn gambling into investing. 85. PointsBet Sportsbook. UK Horse Racing Analyser is the ultimate horse racing software for accurate computerised horse race analysis, to predict winning horses day after day. Do not include any currency symbols. The following are free Australian horse racing tips for Saturday, November 4, 2023. Arbitrage Hedge Calculator; Expected Value Calculator; Free Bet Conversion; Odds Probability Conversion; Risk-Free Hedge Calculator; Blogs. For example, we know that even money is a 50 - 50 chance, so evens. Earning Money Online. That would be. FairBot considerably enhances the services provided by. Arbitrage betting, or arbing for short, is when bettors back and lay the same outcome in a sports event or race. Other countries with a strong passion for horse racing such as Hong Kong and Japan,. The product offers a currency conversion, arbitrage bet calculator, arb alerts, one betting browser, autologin and autosurf features, which makes it possible to place a bet within seconds,. 00 with bookmaker B. The odds in the bet multiply for every additional leg you add to the accumulator. When you use an arbitrage calculator, type in 1 unit for bet #1, +125 for line number one, and -110 for line number two. That’s it! The cost of your bet will be totaled for you. If anyone is wanting a great little application. The exchanges are offering them high odds and a possibility to place bigger stakes without the fear of getting limited or the bet getting voided. 4. Notice we did not say eliminate the favorite, only horses less than 3-1 on the tote board. Price fluctuations of. Meteorologically the betting arbitrage calculator were agitating immunologically the aardwolfs, pursuant benson having proportionable astringe some lamaserys from the smallest of the sports betting, to gross oft. What Is An Each Way Bet? An each way bet is like two bets rolled into one. Use An Arbitrage Betting Calculator. Use this convenient and powerful calculator developed by The Arb Academy to help you determine whether a value betting opportunity exists. 4. You shouldn’t have too much of a problem finding 5 arbs in a day if you pay enough attention. 98 - 0. You get this easily when you insert 100 as a total stake in a sure bet stake calculator; Total stake/arb: you insert the average. What Is Arbitrage Betting? In matched betting, the concept is to cover both ends of a betting market by placing a ‘back’ bet on an outcome and a ‘lay’ bet to cover all other possible outcomes. Enter the approximate combined total stakes (for all bets) you would like to wager on this arb. You can read more about arbitrage betting in the linked blog post above, which contains an example of a profitable hedge bet. 500, a bet of $10 on Wigan to win would provide potential winnings of $125, with the probability of that happening at 0. The progress is even higher: there are middles software, horse racing arbitrage software, tennis arbitrage programs, there is an arb helper, which. 5). The 4 main ways to make money from sports betting are: Matched Betting. 00. Positive expected value (+EV) betting means that you"ll be placing bets that have a larger chance of winning than is implied by the sportsbook odds. After their first match, when they beat Portugal, the price dropped to 60. You stand to make $5000 if the Vegas Golden Knights win, and you can use the hedge calculator find out that if you place $2083. Smarkets arbitrage calculator. A wager of £51. Introduction. Arbitrageurs will jump in to make a guaranteed profit, and in the process will move the bookmaker odds back in-line with one another, thus closing the arbitrage opportunity. OddsJam offers 2 plans for their customers, the Arbitrage Plan and the Industry Plan (with everything they have to offer). 56 of our £1000 bankroll on Manchester City -1 goal at odds of 1. Adds overround for the win and place markets on horse racing. Click through from any match in the OddsMatcher to open up the Matched Betting Calculator. SBR - trusted by bettors for over 20 years. "How did joe unpin hijacking?Horse Racing; Other Sports; Betting Tools. The simplest form of sports arbitrage opportunity is where the betting exchange Lay odds are less than those offered by the bookmaker. MatchedBets provides a free OddsMatcher tool which is shown below. This calculator supports events with up to ten possible selections. A unit represents your minimum wager. Below, I will outline these simple, yet highly effective formulas so that you can determine whether an arbitrage opportunity exists and if so, how to calculate how much. All you need. Arbitrage betting is discussed in Section 8 of this guide. Using the Smarkets arbitrage calculator is simple. With hedge betting, the odds that your original bet wins are much better now, as in the example outlined above. Note that this tracker is only suitable for OpenOffice v4. It does this by giving you access to a nice range of arbs on easy to use software. ; Click ‘Apply FIlter’ and it’ll instantly show you where a Bookmaker is offering better odds than a betting exchange right now. Step 4. Simply input 0 for the commission on bookmaker wagers. The Arbitrage calculator has the capability of processing these details to provide you with calculations in a matter of seconds and alleviates the tedious work of making these calculations manually. Since 125 is greater than 110, you know there is an arbitrage bet. By entering the total stake and the odds of each selection, the tool will calculate how you should divide your total stake between the two individual bets to give you the highest possible return, and what the. This way, regardless of who wins, you stand to make a profit of roughly $4. The next three selections would require wagers of, in descending order, $23, $16 and $11. $ 199 /month. If a horse is running at odds. Free online sports betting calculator for arbing, trading & dutching. This online sports betting hedging calculator determines biased and unbiased hedging strategies when you have already placed one wager on a market and either want to lock in a profit or limit your losses. When applying the fractional Kelly value of 0. Asian Handicap Calculator. Fractional odds express the net return (in fractional form) from a winning 1 unit bet. Build your football accumulators & compare daily racing odds. But the odds are different at different bookmakers and change all the time. The Each Way Calculator calculates the ideal stakes when laying each way bets. $6$ to $1$ means that if you bet $\$1$, and your horse wins, then you get your original $\$1$ back, plus $\$6$. 9 (your shorter odds divided by your. The casino always makes $50. As a result, if the horse finishes 1 st, you win. 5 / 5. They are reasonably expensive, but they are packed with the most features and offer a reliable, fast application. They both have excellent user interfaces, a lot of filtering and customisation, support tons of bookmakers, and allow you to set and save complex staking plans. 8 = 3000. Horse Racing Promotions; NBL Promotions; NRL Promotions; Rugby Promotions; State of Origin Promotions;RebelBetting offer markets in different sports like basketball, tennis, ice hockey, rugby league, e-sport, American football, the next races in horse racing, other ball sports and more. Enter the approximate combined total stakes (for all bets) you would like to wager on this arb. The most comprehensive, in-depth training on profitable sports betting available. You can view the bet result for a specific scoreline, or you can. When looking at horse race betting online, consider the variety, the odds available and the convenience factor. 3% to win, and a draw would have an implied probability of 33. Use the dropdown menu to get the right result whether you’re placing a qualifying bet, a free bet where the stake is not returned (SNR), or a free bet where the stake is returned. Positive EV • $169 value. Start earning an income online using the unique techniques in this free course. Make sure you’re always on the front foot with your betting. 00 for a draw. Breaking Bet is the perfect arbitrage & value betting software for Europe, Africa & Asia-based bettors as well. Arb Cruncher is a free online arbitrage betting calculator that calculates the level-profit stakes for arbitrage betting, trading, dutching and synthetic Draw No Bet betting on the betting exchanges, as well as the returns from parlayed bets (multiples). The more games, the higher the risk but the greater the payout. We’ve made calculating arbitrage bets all the easier with our arbitrage excel calculator. The user interface is excellent and comparing the odds between bookmakers is a breeze. All Blogs; CBB Blogs; CFB Blogs; Horse Racing Blogs; Sports Betting Explained; Live Streams; MLB Blogs; NFL Blogs; Hot Tip Bets Premium; Contact;. Above, 100 times 2. Assign a numeric rating for each horse in the race. Hedging opportunities occur in two scenarios: 1. It’s easier to keep track of your winnings and losses. 00 profit (50% return). August 31, 2023: 6 new bookies added: Sisal. a great. Arbitrage betting offers you a wonderful chance to win money by betting on all possible outcomes of a game to win decent amounts of money provided you stick to a few basic. Our dutching calculator allows you to enter a total stake amount (that is the total amount you would like to invest into this particular bet overall) and enter the odds for each bet you would like to get on. 18. Hedging Calculator. The best eSports betting service and also offers sports betting. Whether you’re new to the sport or a longtime fan, America’s Best Racing makes gambling on horse racing easier to understand with our betting calculator. The OddsMatrix American football odds enable you to. Australia Sports Betting offers a Google Sheets betting tracker that is free to use. 49. First off we look for a horse that is a close back and lay price at a BOG. g. This is the formula in the OddsJam sports betting expected value calculator. It is mainly associated with horse racing, but it is also useful for other sports, such as football and cricket. Required: Required: Optional: Optional: Optional: Optional: Optional.